睾丸癌（testicular cancer）
埃里克·尚托身患睾丸癌，男子蛙泳半决赛被淘汰却赢得全场观众呐喊（附录一）。睾丸癌在运动员中的发病率较高（Srivastava et al 2000）。
运动员的血乳酸较高，后者可以刺激睾丸Leydig细胞分泌睾酮，抑制精子凋亡（PubMed1）。如果睾丸发生癌变，估计血乳酸可以推波助澜。后者还可以增加热休克蛋白的表达（PubMed 2），促进醣酵解和肿瘤生长（附录二）
参考文献
Srivastava A, Kreiger N. 2000. Relation of physical activity to risk of testicular cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Jan 1;151(1):78-87. [url]http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/151/1/78[/url] In North America and most Western European countries, testicular cancer is often cited as the most common cancer among young and middle-aged men, and yet few studies have examined the relation between modifiable factors and testicular cancer risk. Data collected between 1995 and 1996 in Ontario, Canada, as part of the Enhanced Cancer Surveillance Study were used to examine the relation between the frequency of recreational, and intensity of occupational, physical activity at various life periods, including cumulative and averaged lifetime activity and risk of testicular cancer. Analysis of 212 cases and 251 controls revealed that relatively high frequency of participation in moderate and strenuous recreational activity in the midteens may have an adverse effect on risk of testicular cancer (odds ratio = 2,36, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 4.64 for moderate activity of greater than five times a week compared with three times or less a month and odds ratio = 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 5.85 for strenuous activity of greater than five times a week compared with less than once a month). Moderate or strenuous occupational demands in one's 20s also increased risk of disease.
PubMed 1 ([url]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez[/url]): testicular[Title/Abstract] AND lactate[Title] NOT lactate dehydrogenase[Title/Abstract]
PubMed 2: Heat shock[Title/Abstract] AND lactate[Title] NOT lactate dehydrogenase[Title/Abstract]
附录一 身患癌症参加北京奥运：他比菲尔普斯还英雄
[url]http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/nfjx/200808140059.asp[/url]
附录二 【转载】让人意想不到的促肿瘤生长因子——热休克因子
[url]http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=159&id=12337902&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0[/url]
[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-8-15 11:03 AM 编辑 [/i]] 前探索频道车队的美国传奇车手兰斯·阿姆斯特朗１９９６年被确诊患有睾丸癌，经过积极的治疗，痊愈后他继续参赛。
先后获得１９９８年世界公路自行车赛、世界自行车计时赛和环卢森堡自行车赛冠军。从１９９９年起，他连续７年在环法自行车赛上捧杯，实现“七连冠”伟业，他是传奇中的传奇。
一项尚未经过证明的理论认为，体温可能是阿姆斯特朗奇迹般战胜癌症的原因，这一理论认为“阿姆斯特朗效应”将有助于其它几种癌症的治疗。
根据约翰斯-霍普金斯大学研究人员的说法，阿姆斯特朗痊愈后，睾丸温度要比身体其他部分低。这有利于精子的生成，同时也可能说明了癌症对于温度比较敏感。根据这种还没有成为主流的理论，当睾丸癌扩散到身体其他部分时，在较暖和的部分，较高的温度可能将癌细胞破坏掉，同时使也使得病毒弱化，变得容易治疗。
这些研究者在周三的美国医学协会的定期杂志上发表文章说，基于这种理解，“兰斯-阿姆斯特朗效应”可能会使其他几种癌症的治疗变得容易一些。
[color=Red]美专家发现"新大陆" 称破解阿姆斯特朗战胜癌症秘密：[/color]
[url]http://sports.sina.com.cn/o/2006-07-26/16572361644.shtml[/url]（2006年07月26日）
[[i] 本帖最后由 jzhsun 于 2008-8-14 08:33 PM 编辑 [/i]] 学习了:w00t:
Lance Armstrong effect
Coffey DS, Getzenberg RH, DeWeese TL. 2006. Hyperthermic biology and cancer therapies: a hypothesis for the "Lance Armstrong effect". JAMA. 2006 Jul 26;296(4):445-8.[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-8-15 12:56 PM 编辑 [/i]]
内质网介导效应
Shellman YG, Howe WR, Miller LA, Goldstein NB, Pacheco TR, Mahajan RL, LaRue SM, Norris DA. 2008. Hyperthermia induces endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Apr;128(4):949-56.Hyperthermia has been revived as a promising approach for cancer treatment. To understand the underlying mechanisms of hyperthermic killing of cancer cells, we examined the cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia on various skin cancer cell lines using cell viability, morphological analyses, and caspase activation assays. Hyperthermia induced cytotoxicity in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. At middle dose/time combinations, heat-induced apoptosis, whereas at higher doses, necrosis was the mechanism of cell death. To investigate the mechanisms of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis, we examined the activation of extrinsic (Caspase 8) and intrinsic (Caspase 9) apoptotic pathways. Hyperthermia did not activate Caspases 8 or 9, but did activate Caspase 3/7, suggesting a non-conventional apoptotic pathway. Last, analysis of Grp78 expression and Caspase 12 or 4 activation indicated that hyperthermia induced endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis. Thus, hyperthermia induced apoptosis in two types of skin cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis and not through the classical intrinsic or extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Hyperthermia may be a promising treatment for basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, bypassing the antiapoptotic defenses concentrated in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. These results also raise the possibility that heat may be combined with other approaches for induction of apoptosis to achieve synergistic killing of skin cancers.
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