2007年考研英语复习考前必做2
Against this gross consumer must be weighed the joint products or services provided by
advertising. In the case of electronic advertising, the consumer who views commercial television
receives entertainment, while readers of magazines and newspapers receive reduced prices on
these publications. The consumer pays directly for some premiums, but also receives nonfood
merchandise as an incentive to purchase the product. The “benefits” must, therefore, be subtracted
form the gross cost to the consumer to fully assess the net cost of advertising.
Also significant are the impacts of advertising on food demand, nutrition, and competition
among food manufactures. The bulk of manufacturers’ advertising is concentrated on a small
portion of consumer food products. Has advertising changed the consumption of these highly
processed products relative to more perishable foods such as meats, produce, and dairy products?
Has the nutritional content of the U.S. food consumption been influenced by food advertisings?
Has competition among manufacturers and retailers been enhance or weakened by advertising?
These are important questions and warrant continued research.
26. The author’s attitude toward advertising can be characterized as
[A] admiring [B] condemning [C] uncertain [D] inquisitive
27. The term “push promotion” （L. 3, P. 2） means.
[A] coupon redemption [B] retail advertising
[C] direct selling [D] advertising in trade journals
28. The author implies that advertising costs.
[A] should be discounted by the benefits of advertising to the consumer
[B] are greater for restaurants than for at home foods
[C] are much higher in the United Stated than any where else in the world
[D] cause highly processed foods to outsell unprocessed outsell foods
29. The purpose of the article is to
[A] warm about rising food advertising costs
[B] describe the costs of food advertising and the issues yet to be understood about its effects
[C] congratulate the food industry on its effective advertising
[D] calculate the final balance sheet for food advertising
30. According to the passage, all of the following are definitely false EXCEPT
[A] more food is advertised in newspapers than on television
[B] less money is spent advertising food than automobiles
[C] more of the food advertising budget is probably spent on push promotion than on television
ads
[D] less money is spent on food store advertising than on clothing store ads
Text 3
The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy,
according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization.
Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued
statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that
trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the
twenty-first century.
Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U. S.
Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020.
During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled
workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax
base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems
more likely.
Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and
Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax
rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes
usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in
higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.
Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and
reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older
Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers
are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement
plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is
evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous
generations.
The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and
savings, especially for older worker. Among the report’s recommendations: Tax half of all Social
Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65;
and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a
lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning
to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken
must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.
31.According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified
workers in the U.S. economy is
[A] constructive [B] significant [C] inconclusive [D] detrimental
32.The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service
may
[A] do harm to younger generations [B] end up with few or no benefits
[C] give play to their potentials[D] shed light on social trends
33.The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that
[A] there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future
[B] baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output
[C] government policies concerning older people are out-dated
[D] older workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits
34.When mentioning “the ongoing stock market on Wall Street”, the writer
[A] is calling attention to the privileges to which baby-boomers are entitled
[B] is calling for the government to take countermeasures against labor shortage
[C] is refuting a notion about experienced workers’ early retirement
[D] is justifying the ineffectiveness of federal tax and benefit policies
35.Towards the issue, what the writer is most concerned about will be
[A] to advocate radically reforming government policies
[B] to take into account the benefits upon retirement
[C] to put in practice what Hudson researchers believe in
[D] to prolong the practicability of older experienced employees
[ 本帖最后由 liusanfeng 于 2007-1-11 01:38 PM 编辑 ]
