最近周围同龄人猝死的现象时有耳闻。
今天南方都市报报道,南航43岁的机长柴永利在打羽毛球时猝死(附录一)。报道特别强调了没有做准备活动。其实不然。
有研究表明,年轻运动员猝死的主要原因是肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)(Corrado et al 1998)。
HCM是一种常染色体显性遗传的心脏病, 根据其左心室流出道(LVOT)内的血流动力学特点可分为梗阻性与非阻性。约25%的肥厚型心肌病患者存在LVOT的梗阻。典型的临床表现为:劳累性胸闷、胸痛、甚至发生晕厥;胸骨左缘3~4肋间可闻及收缩期喷射性杂音,Valsalva动作时可使杂音增强;二维超声心动图检查通常可以发现非对称性心肌肥厚、室间隔厚度明显大于左心室游离壁以及LVOT梗阻。重度梗阻患者可见二尖瓣叶及腱索收缩期前向运动并可出现二尖瓣反流。连续波多普勒超声心动图可检出高速血流及峰值延迟的跨LVOT压力阶差。有些患者的流出道梗阻并非持续存在,即在静息时不出现梗阻,但在激发刺激下,当左室前、后负荷以及心肌收缩力发生改变时才出现梗阻,这类具有动态变化的LVOT梗阻又称为动力性梗阻(dynamic obstruction)。(樊朝美等)
预防的办法是体检(Corrado et al 1998),做到早期发现,采取相应的防治措施。
遗憾的是,很多自我感觉健康的人都认为体检浪费时间,尤其是经常运动的人。HCM是遗传性的,可以说是一颗定时炸弹。HCM的发展是需要一个过程的。一般有家族历史。只要保持经常性的体检,预防是可以做到的。
参考文献
Corrado D, Basso C, Schiavon M, Thiene G. 1998. Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes. N Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 6;339(6):364-9. BACKGROUND: For more than 20 years in Italy, young athletes have been screened before participating in competitive sports. We assessed whether this strategy results in the prevention of sudden death from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a common cardiovascular cause of death in young athletes. METHODS: We prospectively studied sudden deaths among athletes and nonathletes (35 years of age or less) in the Veneto region of Italy from 1979 to 1996. The causes of sudden death in both populations were compared, and the pathological findings in the athletes were related to their clinical histories and electrocardiograms. Cardiovascular reasons for disqualification from participation in sports were investigated and follow-up was performed in a consecutive series of 33,735 young athletes who underwent preparticipation screening in Padua during the same period. RESULTS: Of 269 sudden deaths in young people, 49 occurred in competitive athletes (44 male and 5 female athletes; mean age, 23+/-7 years). The most common causes of sudden death in athletes were arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (22.4 percent), coronary atherosclerosis (18.4 percent), and anomalous origin of a coronary artery (12.2 percent). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused only 1 sudden death among the athletes (2.0 percent) but caused 16 sudden deaths in the nonathletes (7.3 percent). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was detected in 22 athletes (0.07 percent) at preparticipation screening and accounted for 3.5 percent of the cardiovascular reasons for disqualification. None of the disqualified athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy died during a mean follow-up period of 8.2+/-5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was an uncommon cause of death in these young competitive athletes and suggest that the identification and disqualification of affected athletes at screening before participation in competitive sports may have prevented sudden death.
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/cont ... eytype2=tf_ipsecsha
樊朝美等. 肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的梗阻机制及药物治疗进展.
http://www.hearttoheart.com.cn/z ... .asp?ArticleID=2050
附录一 南航一机长打球猝死
http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/s ... 08/200710090209.asp
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本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2007-10-9 09:49 AM 编辑 ]