竞技体育中每个项目水平的稳定发挥需要的是项目内稳态（SSH）（附录一）。人体系统分为SSH必需的系统（SES）和非必需系统（SNS）。超常训练建立SES内稳态（SESH），常规训练维持SESH，建立和维持SNS内稳态（SNSH）。当SNS为骨骼肌和供能系统，建立SNSH的训练称为体能训练。当SNS为神经系统，建立SNS的训练为智能训练。...。

体育训练的这个模式可以用于其他工作之中。

工作中水平的稳定发挥需要的是工作内稳态（JSH）。人体系统分为JSH必需的系统（JES）和非必需系统（JNS）。超常训练建立JES内稳态（JESH），常规训练维持JESH，建立和维持JNS内稳态（JNSH）。当JNS为骨骼肌和供能系统，建立JNSH的训练称为体能训练。当JNS为神经系统，建立JNS的训练为智能训练。...。

外科大夫的大手术需要几个小时甚至十几个小时，按摩师需要用体力来完成工作，的士司机需要连续开车十几个小时，...，他们需要相应的体能训练和智能训练。

其实，各行各业都需要体育体育训练中形成的体能训练和智能训练方法。这是体育的专业技术的直接应用，当然属于体育的功能。

附录一 [原创] 内稳态理论：20080103 刘翔分析
http://www.tiyuol.com/thread-3126-1-1.html

[ 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-11 09:52 PM 编辑 ]

今天室友和女友吵架了，很生气。
我就用内稳态的理论给他讲道理，居然很灵哦
呵呵
人不兴奋的时候，内稳态是一种动态的平衡的状态，
人生气的时候，内稳态有一个小小的波动，偏离了平衡状态，但是不会是永远持久的偏离，总有趋于平衡的时候。
吵架，是二人内稳态偏离了正常状态，但是，等到二人和好，内稳态又走向了另一种平衡。
吵架的结果有两种，一种是二人的关系更加牢固，感情更深，但是，当过度吵架，二人的内稳态过度偏离的时候
二人的感情很有可能不复存在，（比如，体温37度，偏离正常值，达到45度，完了，命肯定不保。）
所以，把握好分寸，吵架不是坏事，是二人的关系走向稳定的动力源泉。
曾经看过一纪录片，讲述一对恩爱的夫妻的故事，90多岁了，依然每天吵架，记者去采访他们为什么他们的爱情能维持到现在时，二人为了抢麦克风讲述故事，居然在记者面前吵起架来，很搞笑，但是，记者终于发现了维持爱情的秘密了。
当然了，吵架只是打破稳态的一种情况，也许还会有很多打破稳态的故事。

欢迎登录Nature Network，

http://network.nature.com/forums/homeostasis/914

参加如下话题的讨论

Homeostatic Training and Its applications

Homeostasis is one of the most remarkable and most typical properties of highly complex open systems. A homeostatic system (an industrial firm, a large organization, or a cell) is an open system that maintains its structure and functions by means of a multiplicity of dynamic equilibriums rigorously controlled by interdependent regulation mechanisms. Such a system reacts to every change in the environment, or to every random disturbance, through a series of modifications of equal size and opposite direction to those that created the disturbance. The goal of these modifications is to maintain the internal balances.

* *Is there sport-specific homeostasis ?*

There are homeostatic phenomena in sports training such as the plateau in variable dose-response relationship between exercise training and performance, the stable principal components in elite swimmers’ urine metabonomics and an ultrastructural study on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The homeostasis in sports training was supposed to be sport-specific so that it is called sport-specific homeostasis (SSH), and the SSH hypothesis was supported by our recent metabonomic studies on elite swimmers’ urine and our reviewing training adaptation, tapering, reduced training , detraining and calorie restriction.
#
Athletes’ physiological systems might be classified as SSH-essential system (SES) which includes SSH-essential skeletal muscular subsystem, SSH-essential energy supply subsystem, SSH-essential neurological subsystem, SSH-essential oxidative-antioxidative subsystem (OAS), and so forth, and SSH-non-essential system (SNS) which includes SSH-non-sential skeletal muscular subsystem, SSH-non-essential energy supply subsystem, SSH-non-essential neurological subsystem, SSH-non-essential OAS, autonomic nervous systems (ANS), circadian system, psychological system and so on. The quality of SES homeostasis (SESH) represents sport capacity. The higher the quality of SESH, the higher the performance level. The quality of SNS homeostasis (SNSH) represents sport performance. For the given SESH, the higher the quality of SNSH, the more improved the sport performance.
#
Athletes’ training might be classified into two kinds, the sport extraordinary training (SET) such as DOMS to establish the SESH of higher quality by destroying the former SESH of lower quality, and the sport ordinary training (SOT) such as tapering or reduced training to maintain SESH, and to establish and maintain SNSH. The training ladder should be SET1-SOT1-SET2-SOT2-…-SOTn-competition. The competition might be just a special SOT.

* *Is there job-specific homeostasis ?*

The homeostasis in work was supposed to be job-specific so that it is called job-specific homeostasis (JSH). The elite persons such as the record breakers of Guinness World Records might be of JSH of high quality.#
Persons' physiological systems might be classified as JSH-essential system (JES) which includes JSH-essential skeletal muscular subsystem, JSH-essential energy supply subsystem, JSH-essential neurological subsystem, JSH-essential OAS, and so forth, and JSH-non-essential system (JNS) which includes JSH-non-sential skeletal muscular subsystem, JSH-non-essential energy supply subsystem, JSH-non-essential neurological subsystem, JSH-non-essential OAS, autonomic nervous systems (ANS), circadian system, psychological system and so on. The quality of JES homeostasis (JESH) represents work capacity. The higher the quality of JESH, the higher the work level. The quality of JNS homeostasis (JNSH) represents work performance. For the given JESH, the higher the quality of JNSH, the more improved the work performance. #
Job training might be also classified into two kinds, the job extraordinary training (JET) to establish the JESH of higher quality by destroying the former JESH of lower quality, and the job ordinary training (JOT) to maintain JESH, and to establish and maintain SNSH. The training ladder should be JET1-JOT1-JET2-JOT2-…-JETn-JOTn-….#
SET and SOT hasve been widely studied, the rules of which might apply for JET and JOT.

* *How many kinds of homeostasis are there simultaneously for a person ? and how big the difference between them is there?*

An elite part-time athlete might have at least two kinds of homeostasis, one SSH and one JSH. A record breaker of a Guinness World Record might have least two kinds of JSH, one full-time JSH and one part-time JSH.＃
If the two or more SSH-specific systems were so similar that they can be integrated into a system in homeostasis, the corresponding sports might be called a sports group, and the corresponding homeostasis might be called sports-group-specific homeostasis (SGSH). The athlete in the SGSH might be simultaniously elite in two or more sports. For example, Ian Thorpe has been champions in swimming both in 200 and 400m, and Michael Phelps has been swimming champions in 100, 200 and 400m.

* *How does homeostasis evolve in human life ?*

The quality of homeostasis is becoming higher in developing and lower in ageing. The age when the homeostasis is of highest quality is defined as optimum age, _h_. The most possible life-span, _y_, of a person might be _y=2h+1_ if the developing and the ageing are supposed to be symmetric. In other words, the higher the quality of the homeostasis at the optimum age, the longer the life-span. #
A system in homeostasis reacts to every change in the environment, or to every random disturbance, through a series of modifications of equal size and opposite direction to those that created the disturbance. The higher the quality of the homeostasis, the stronger the disturbance resistance. Therefore, the longer the life-span, the stronger the disturbance resistance, and then the stronger the capacity of the chronic disease prevention, which might be the cause of “two sides of the same coin, ageing and disease”: http://www.nature.com/news/2007/ ... l?q=2#last-comment. #
For example, It has been observed that world class male athletes have increased life expectancy of [Sarna S, _et al_. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Feb;25(2):237-44.], and elite athletes from most sports disciplines have lower overall morbidity risk and enjoy better self-rated health in later years compared with the general population and matched controls who were healthy at young age chronic disease prevention [Kujala UM, _et al_. Sports Med. 2003;33Musical Note:553-61.]

* * Does preconditioning such as dietary restriction and hypoxia enhance the quality of homeostasis?*

Preconditioning by sublethal stress can protect a biosystem from subsequent injury. That which does not kill you makes you stronger. In other words, preconditioning might enhance the quality of homeostasis of the related systems. For example, dietary restriction or hypoxia might enhance the quality of homeostasis of energy supply system.

* *Might SOT or JOT be a therapeutic approach except in rehabilitation medicine or as a approaches to deplete superfluous nutrition absorption?*

Balancing the food one eats with physical activity is one of dietary guidelines (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042446.htm). In other words, there might be SSH or JSH specific nutrition absorption. If the superfluous nutrition absorption might destroy SSH or JSH, SOT or JOT might be needed to deplete it so that SSH or JSH can be rehabilitated. In other cases except in rehabilitation medicine, SOT or JOT might not be a therapeutic approach although SET or JET might be a therapeutic approach because it can enhance homeostasis quality.

**The topics are welcomed if they are related to homeostasis. Please contribute to this online discussion. *

[ 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-15 08:07 PM 编辑 ]

吉尼斯世界纪录（Guinness World Records）的获得可以借鉴体育训练方法。

Physiology, as a discipline, which centers around homeostasis, has investigated homeostasis extensively. In animals such as ourselves, the internal environment of our bodies must have certain conditions within tolerable limits to continue the healthy functioning of us. In animals such as ourselves, the internal environment of our bodies must have certain conditions within tolerable limits to continue the healthy functioning of us. The process for an athlete to adapt himself to training and competition also is a process to establish a sport-specific homeostasis (SSH). However, the relationship between homeostasis and the sports hasn’t been studied so far. Prof. Liu’s viewpoint offers a new clue to explore the nature of physical activities.

who knows why prof. liu's content was removed in nature network?

It has been moved to the following address
http://network.nature.com/forums/homeostasis/914

体育迁移也是体育功能中的一种，尤其是职业技术教育

[讨论] 体育的迁移价值
http://bbs.tiyuol.com/thread-4844-1-1.html

[ 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-17 06:25 PM 编辑 ]

今晚看了《投名状》，对一个人的内稳态的个数有了感觉。

一个人的内稳态可以有多个，但主要内稳态应该只有一个。这里受到经验规则（附录一）的制约。除非这些内稳态相当接近。对于运动员来说，项目形成项群，可以兼项。

《投名状》中，庞青云会打仗，但从政能力低下，不愿意退隐，结果死于非命。

现实生活中，很多专业人员从政，不是丢了专业，就是被人利用。方励之是一个典型的例子，在国际天体物理学界相当知名，但不小心投入学潮，结果漂泊海外。专业和从政都有各自的内稳态要求，只能选择其一，不能脚踏两只船！

附录一 Tashiro A, Sandler VM, Toni N, Zhao C, Gage FH. 2006. NMDA-receptor-mediated, cell-specific integration of new neurons in adult dentate gyrus. Nature. 2006 Aug 24;442(7105):929-33.
从神经的角度来看，使用的神经元存活，不使用的神经元会逐渐死亡。逐渐选择的结果，能够完成的事情就显著依赖于经验。没有经验的事情，意味着没有相应的神经元基础，即使勉强为之，也比有经验者远远逊色，不可能受到认可或具备竞争力的。

[ 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-19 01:24 AM 编辑 ]

选择以体育为职业的人的生活就是体育生活。详细讨论见我对如下帖子的回帖

附录一 [讨论] 什么是"体育生活" ?-说说你心中的体育生活
http://bbs.tiyuol.com/thread-3169-1-1.html