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马拉松训练专题

本主题由 bing2008 于 2008-3-25 05:51 PM 解除置顶

马拉松训练专题

A MINIMALIST'S GUIDE TO YOUR FIRST ULTRA
How to run it--and survive it--without losing your sanity.
By Christie Aschwanden
Photographs by Andrew Degraff


PUBLISHED 03/07/2008


If you've finished a marathon, you can finish an ultra. So says Julie Fingar, top woman at the 2007 Rio Del Lago 100-Miler and coach and owner of Fit to Run in Granite Bay, California. Ultras typically range from 30 to 150-plus miles, but most people delve in with a 50-K event or a 50-miler.

Don't worry: Running a 50-mile race doesn't demand twice as much training as a marathon. "You don't need to double your mileage," says Fingar, who designed our ultra training program. "Your goal is to teach your body how to be out there for a long haul."

The key is a weekly long run. The longer that gets, the more recovery your body needs. The upshot: You may end up with more days off than you did training for a marathon. So relax--then get ready to make the move from 26.2 to 50.

Four Truly (Ultra) Essential Skills

1. Eating on the Run
GI distress is common when your stomach tries to digest while your muscles are using all the blood. Experiment beforehand to find foods that go easy. Some runners find that fructose (which is in many sports drinks and bars) upsets their stomach, so you might want to try fuels with maltodextrin.
Try this: Two products with maltodextrin: Hammer Gel and Succeed Ultra energy drink.

2. Foot First-Aid
A hot spot could be a pus-filled bulge in minutes, so react to problems right away. Try preemptively taping toes and heels and lubing chafe-prone areas. Wear lightweight gaiters to keep rocks and dirt out of your shoes. Have dry shoes and socks waiting at a midway aid station in case your feet get wet.
Try this: John Vonhof's book Fixing Your Feet can help you prep for race-day issues.

3. Downhill Running
Nothing beats up the quads more than downhills, and many ultras include punishing steeps. If you're aiming for a hilly course, train so your legs can adapt ahead of time.
Try this: Find a steep downhill and push hard for one to three minutes. Repeat. (If you're sore the next day, you did it right.)

4. Running in the Dark
Since many ultras involve racing in the dark, get an LED headlamp and practice running with it. Some people also carry a flashlight for added depth perception.

[ 本帖最后由 bing2008 于 2008-3-26 07:00 PM 编辑 ]
珍惜生命,珍爱生活。 路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索 !

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Your First Marathon: Words From The Wise
By Catherine Lee
Top marathon tips from RW forumites
       

With so much to think about before your first marathon - what to wear, when to eat and how to pace yourself for starters - it's no wonder your anxiety levels can soar during the build-up to race-day.

Who can you turn to for advice and reassurance? The RW forumites of course. They've hundreds of marathons-worth of experience between them, and we've picked their brains for these fail-safe tips to ensure your marathon debut goes as smoothly as possible.

From bum-bag necessities to perfectly timed pit stops, make sure you've every eventuality covered with these handy pointers.

The week before...

    * Prepare yourself mentally by rehearsing the last four or five miles in your head. If you can do this on the actual marathon course, so much the better. The advantage is that it becomes so familiar that once you reach this section you will feel that you're home and dry. – Australopitcheus

    * Cut your toenails a good few days prior to the event. That way if you cut them too short and your toes are painful, they have time to heal. – Roobarb

    * For two days before the race avoid strong or spicy foods, and, if you can stick to what you have been eating during your training. Stick to carb loaded foods containing nothing acidic in any flavourings you use. – The Swindon One

    * Get a good night's sleep two days before marathon day because it's quite usual to worry the night before. It's OK to have a glass of wine or two to settle the nerves without any adverse effects. – Selfish Git!!!

    * If you are staying in a hotel away from home - take your pillow with you. It might sound daft and you might feel silly, but you need all the help you can get to sleep the night before the race. – Minnie Two Bikes aka MTB

    * The day before the marathon, do nothing. Sit on your bum and watch TV with your feet up eating pasta (preferably cooked by your loved one). Think back over your training and visualise everything going perfectly the next day. – Acoustic Soda

    * Don't try to remember anything that's written in the pre-race information. If it's important to you, write it down and take it with you. Your brain will cease to function normally (or maybe that's just me). – CumbriAndy

Kit Essentials

    * Put your name on your vest - I couldn't work out why everybody else had loads of support in the crowds who knew their name and I didn't! – FINgers

    * Take a loo roll in your kit bag to the Greenwich/Blackheath start area. There is little worse than queuing for the loo for 30 minutes then discovering there is no loo roll to help out with the pre-race nerves! – Pacha

    * If it's raining take a bum-bag. Fill it with the usual goodies, sweets, chocolate, pills etc but also some of those mini-ankle socks. Should you have to stop at 16 miles with blisters, you'll have some dry socks to put on, rather than wringing out the wet ones. – Iccle Jim

    * Pack a blister-plaster pack in your bum-bag, and a hat or bandana. The weather can change a lot in two to six hours and you'll want to avoid getting a sunburnt/windburnt head. – RFJ

    * Don't wear new shoes. I bought new trainers and 'saved' them especially for my big race. Ouch! Blisters and then some. – The one at the back

    * SPF cream is my main piece of advice. I wasn't expecting to get sunburnt on a not-particularly-sunny April day. – Beckylou

    * Put Vaseline on anything that might rub against anything else - there are a surprising number of moving parts when you start thinking about it. Good also for exposed flesh if it's wet and cold - you don't want chapped lips and raw skin. – Eva Midsole

    * Apply a thin layer of Vaseline around your whole foot and between the toes. I didn't get a single blister. – Tmap

    * A couple of plasters over your nipples works heaps better than Vaseline (as long as you are not especially hairy!) – Nick L

    * Always carry a spare pair of shoelaces in your bum bag. If you got to the start line, readjusted your shoelaces and one snapped, it could be the difference between starting the race five minutes later, or not at all. – Malcolm Jeffrey

At the Start...

    * Be prepared for the mental 'rush' of the crowds, the noise, the colour and the excitement. Some runners find it vastly encouraging - first time round it just stunned me. – OuchOuch

    * When you get to the start zone, go to the loo. While queuing, get changed, warm up, eat breakfast etc. When you've been, join the queue again! You can never go to the loo too many times before the race! – Iccle Jim

    * Think about your legs. Keep off your feet as much as possible. Take an old shirt, jacket or bin bag, anything to sit on wherever you can. – Gatton 225

    * If you can 'buddy up' with someone at your pace it makes a big difference. I've now done four marathons and the two where I chattered happily away to someone for the bulk of the race seemed more comfortable. – amadeus

Ready, steady… go

    * Start slow. You will feel lousy before the marathon because of tapering, then when you start you'll suddenly feel wonderful. Your body hasn't really changed so don't revise your target pace because you feel good at mile five, or 10 or 15. You can only make a sensible assessment from mile 18 onwards. – Skip

    * If you are doing run/walk, do it from the beginning (crowds permitting). – Nessie

    * Don't let the adrenaline take over, even if you're running at a speed that is slower than you trained at. Overtaking people who have gone out too fast feels fantastic in the last few miles and can give you an energy boost if it starts getting painful towards the end. – Gavo

    * Break the race up into manageable chunks. For example, a five-mile run to a Lucozade station, a four-mile run to where your mates are spectating, another mile to a Lucozade station, and so on. When things got really tough I never had more than five miles to run before getting a boost. – 3Legs

    * I name each mile after someone I admire. No way am I going to give up in their patch... – Stickless

    * If it really starts to fall apart count your footsteps until you have recovered your rhythm. When it gets even tougher pick a landmark ahead and ensure that you run to it. As you get close, choose another target ahead. – Dubai Dave

    * If you're starting to struggle from mile 20 onwards, focusing on catching up or staying with the people in front of you can help keep your mind occupied and maintain your pace. – Newbie 1

    * Don't get too hung up on time. By all means have a time plan, but also have plan B, C to Z for any odd surprises. – Plodding Hippo

Eating and drinking

    * If you're travelling to stay locally overnight before the race, check the hotel you are staying in does early breakfasts, or go prepared by taking your own breakfast with you. – Happycat

    * Eat your last food two to three hours before the start of the race. Have your last drink one hour before the race and then go to the loo a couple of times in that last hour. This certainly stops me from needing to make a loo stop during the 26.2 miles. – ICRA

    * Familiarise yourself with where the energy drinks stations will be so you won't need to go further without a drink than expected. – CumbriAndy

    * Drink before you start, then be especially wary after 14 miles or so. People get really obsessed about hydration and energy, wrongly believing that 'the wall' is essentially a failure to eat enough. Eat if you're hungry, drink if you're thirsty. – Tmap

    * Stick to what you normally do in training with regards to taking fluids during the race. Just because the FLM give water/energy drinks every mile does not mean you need it every mile. I was very sick at the end of my first FLM from taking on too much liquid. – Pacha

    * Work out your refuelling plan and stick to it. For my first marathon I had planned what I would eat and when, then trained to that. On the day, I was past halfway before I remembered my plan. Surprise surprise, by mile 20 I was shot... – amadeus

    * I took a drink at every single water station because I'd heard how easy it was to get dehydrated. Consequently, having a bladder the size of a pea, I was desperate for the toilet for the last five miles and being the shy wallflower that I am, wasn't going to go by the roadside! – Cath.

    * Only partially unscrew the lids on the Lucozade - it stops spillages and slows the flow, making it easier to drink. – SMD

    * Put your favourite post long-run snack in your bag and eat/drink it as soon as you pick your bag up. You may feel like something savoury after all the energy drinks. The sooner you can replace fluids and refuel the better. – Newbie 1

Cooling down...

    * When you are approach the finishing line check who is around you - they are also going to be in your finishing picture that you'll show your family and friends, so best it doesn't show you being beaten by someone twice your age or dressed as a Teletubby. – Skip

    * Arrange to meet a friend at the end. It can be a nightmare trying to get your stuff. I was eternally grateful to my dad for meeting me at the finish, carrying my stuff, praising me, and driving me home! – The one at the back

    * Don't rely on being able to contact your nearest and dearest by mobile phone after the finish as you might have trouble getting a signal. Arrange to meet at one of the labelled trees in Horseguards Parade instead. Oh, and keep moving, however painful it feels. If you can hobble about a bit, rather than collapse in a heap (even if you go backwards down the stairs to the Underground) you'll feel much better the next day. – Running Rodent

    * If you can, have a cold bath afterwards, it feels horrible but definitely helps with the stiffness. – Newbie 1

    * Wear your medal until it annoys people. You've earnt it! – Iccle Jim

    * It's OK to cry afterwards, even if you are a bloke. It just means you've tried really hard and suffered great mental and physical stress in trying to achieve your target – Poacher
珍惜生命,珍爱生活。 路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索 !

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The 15 Beginner Essentials - Preview
By Joe Henderson
A preview for non-subscribers: the first 5 of the 15 waffle-free things all new runners need to know
       

For the past two years, I've been teaching a class for novice runners on a university campus. But this is no typical college course - we spend more time running together than discussing and debating.

The group meets twice a week for 50 minutes at a time. For homework, I suggest that class members do an additional run or two each week.

For that course, I've shrunk the lectures I've been giving my students into lessons that I can recite in minutes or write in a single paragraph. I give my students only those nuggets that are most important for them to learn in our 10 weeks together.

The full version of this article contains those 15 lessons. Think of them as crib sheets for your basic 'running course'. Learn them, and you can make it through your first running efforts with flying colours.

If you're a Runner's World UK magazine subscriber, you can see all 15 lessons here. Otherwise, enjoy these five as a preview - and if you want to subscribe, you can save 30% right here.

1 Welcome to the start line
This might be your first try at running, or a return visit, or an attempt to improve on what you already do. The less running you've done recently, the more you can expect to improve your distances and speeds in the next 10 weeks. On the other hand, the less you've run lately, the more likely you are to hurt yourself by doing too much, too soon. That's why it's so important to set two related goals as you start or restart your running programme - to maximise improvements, and to minimise injuries. You win by improving. You lose by getting hurt.

2 Buy the right shoes
Shoes are the biggest equipment expense for runners, so it's important to get this right. Spend wisely by buying well-made shoes from a serious brand. Search out a model that fits you properly, and is designed for the surface you'll run on most often - road, track, or trail. If you're not sure which shoe will work best for you, go to a specialist running shop where staff can advise you (there is a list of such shops at the back of this magazine). After you buy your shoes, remember that even the best have a limited lifespan. Plan to replace them after about 350-500 miles of wear.

3 Make a plan
The two basic raw materials for a running routine are time and space. And the two main reasons given by those who don't run? 'I don't have time for it', and, 'I don't have anywhere to do it'. Let's dissect those excuses. You can run well and get in great shape with as little as a 30-minute session every other day. Think of it as the time you won't waste by watching TV. As for finding places to run, anywhere that's safe for walking is also fine for running. Off-road routes (parks, bike paths, playing fields) are better than busy streets, and soft surfaces (grass and dirt) are better than paved ones, but any choice is better than staying at home. Map out the best courses in your immediate neighbourhood. That saves time, solves the 'place' issue and makes it much more likely that you'll actually do your planned runs.

4 Take the mile trial
Friends who hear that you've begun running will soon ask what your best mile time is - so you might as well get used to it. Before long, you'll be calculating your pace per mile on longer runs, but you should begin with a simple one-mile test run (four laps on a standard track) to determine your starting point. Think of this run as a pace test, not a race. Run at a pace a little beyond easy, but less than a struggle, and count on improving your mile time in later tests as your fitness improves.

5 Get F.I.T.
Kenneth Cooper, a giant in the fitness field, long ago devised a simple formula for improving as a runner. Run two to three miles, three to five days a week at a comfortable pace. It's easier to remember as the F.l.T. formula: frequency (at least every other day); intensity (comfortable pace); and time (about 30 minutes). Even with some walking breaks, you can cover two miles in 30 minutes, and you might soon be running three miles in that time. It's important to run these efforts at an easy, comfortable pace. Think of yourself as the Tortoise, not the Hare. Make haste slowly.
珍惜生命,珍爱生活。 路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索 !

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Reader to Reader: Moving on from run/walk
By Jane Hoskyn
Just how does a beginner break through from run/walk to run/run? Here's what you thought
       

This week's reader completed the London Marathon using a run/walk strategy – but she now wants to cut out the walks altogether, and it's not proving too easy. Can you offer any advice?

"I'm getting really annoyed with myself. I trained for FLM using the run-walk method and successfully completed it in 6 hours. I would now like to run without the walking breaks, but I can't seem to phase them out. I can run for about 17 minutes in one go, but then I feel an overwhelming urge to walk. Can anyone please offer some advice?" – nat3wills

Your best answers

    * Try a go-slow
      Try slowing down to a r-e-a-l-l-y s-l-o-w pace when you get the urge to walk, even if the pace you are "running" at is slower than walking. Mentally, that's better than "stopping and walking", but you do get a bit of recovery. Once your body gets used to it, the slow bits won't need to be so slow to get some recovery. – Nessie

    * Start running shorter distances
      Ditching the walk break is a mental step rather than a physical one. You have trained to walk/run, so when you want to walk your head says "ok". THAT needs changing. Start building smaller runs, with the aim of running all the way. Next week, aim to run a 3-miler, running ALL the way. Slow down, concentrate on your breathing and just keep going – forget pace and speed. Once you can run 3 miles, build one run up to 4 miles running all the way... once you start getting your head to see you're not going to walk you'll soon get results. – Egglett

    * Slowing down can work as a break
      It took me a year to finally lose the walk break. Better to slow right down and sort of bounce along gently for a while, which fools your brain into thinking you've had a break. I wouldn't worry at all about your speed until you have your stamina sorted. Once you've built your stamina up you may find your speed picks up a bit naturally anyway. – Doncon

    * Sheer determination will beat the urge to walk
      It takes sheer mental determination to get past that point of needing to walk. I also struggle a lot with this, but more in my training when I am on my own; less so in races. When I ran my 2nd half last month (I ran all the way) I so wanted to walk from miles 7-9 when it was really windy and slightly uphill, but I was determined to get a PB – and also what works for me is thinking of my mum and dad who have both passed away. I can hear my dad telling me in his own stubborn way, keep going, you can do it, and that works for me. – bungee

    * Run/walk training can be counter-productive
      I think this shows the problem with run/walk strategies for getting started. The trouble is that sometimes people get used to taking their walk breaks, and never learn to find a pace slow enough to be sustainable for long periods. In effect, they're running interval sessions whenever they go out. Without a good aerobic base, this is counter-productive. Once you find that sustainable pace, and get used to stretching out the distance, you'll find that your 'base pace' gradually speeds up. Forget about speed work entirely for the moment, slow down, find that base pace and keep working it until you start to feel the improvement (note how your resting hear rate drops over the weeks as you do this). Then you can start introducing some quicker runs and/or intervals. – Chocolate Moose

    * Distract your brain from the need to walk
      How about trying to distract yourself when you want to walk? One technique I use is to count paces (left leg only), and tell myself I will just do 100 more before stopping. By the time I get to 100, the walking urge has frequently gone away and I can continue. – LauraF

    * Tune into your heart
      The thing that worked for me was putting on a heart rate monitor for the first time. Straight away it told me I was putting too much effort into my long runs. There were times when I was running slower than I could walk up a hill, but I kept running. If you want to overcome the mental battle, leave your watch at home and tackle a new route and listen to music, bird song anything – just enjoy being a runner. Also, make sure you're warmed up properly. The first 10 mins of any run is a struggle. Walking in the warm up period is allowed cos you're warming up not running. – XB

    * Break the distance into chunks
      A technique I used on my first duathlon to stop myself from taking a walk break was to break the distance down into smaller sections. The last run in a duathlon is tough on the legs, and I hadn't practised the whole bike to run transition, so my legs felt like dead weights. I talked to myself through the whole 5K circuit, promising myself I could take a walk break when I made it to "that tree" or "up that hill". I congratulated myself each time I made it to a marker (quietly of course!) and then set a new marker. I managed to run the whole way! – KayVee

    * Too much risk-avoidance can be tedious
      I don't think the desire to stop and walk ever goes away. You just kind of forget about it. A lot of negative thoughts can occur whilst running. Make a list of positive rebuttals to thoughts you usually have. For example, "I'm so tired I want to stop" could be rebutted with: it's good that I'm tired because I'm stretching out of my comfort zone. "My legs are really tired" gets the rebuttal: The muscle fibres in my legs are being slowly torn apart so that when I rest they will grow bigger and stronger. I will then run faster and more easily. Whilst you run have a debate with your mind and persuade it of the reasons why you are running. This is what works for me. – Tenderheart Bear

    * A mental trick
      When you get the urge to walk, let yourself, but turn around and walk in the wrong direction. Mentally you'll resent it and want to turn back the right way and start running again. – lp
珍惜生命,珍爱生活。 路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索 !

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初学者的训练计划

初学者的训练计划


[ 本帖最后由 bing2008 于 2008-4-29 09:54 PM 编辑 ]
珍惜生命,珍爱生活。 路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索 !

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全是英文啊?哈哈
看了头都大了!
http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/tiyuol
体育工作者博客圈

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无语
好好学习英语吧
翻译暂时不是办法
呵呵,我有时间了肯定想都翻译下,有志同道合的可以合作啊
(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

[ 本帖最后由 bing2008 于 2008-4-30 11:07 AM 编辑 ]
珍惜生命,珍爱生活。 路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索 !

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